La paradoja evolutiva de la homosexualidad masculina: revisión de dos hipótesis
Palabras clave:
Homosexualidad, Selección por parentesco, Selección sexual antagónica, Éxito reproductivoResumen
El mantenimiento de la homosexualidad masculina en las poblaciones humanas plantea una cuestión fascinante para los investigadores. Esta revisión bibliográfica examina dos hipótesis evolutivas que intentan explicar la persistencia de esta conducta sexual desde un punto de vista adaptativo: la selección por parentesco y la selección sexualmente antagónica. El trabajo sintetiza las pruebas empíricas de dieciocho estudios, cuyos resultados sugieren que, aunque ambas hipótesis cuentan con un apoyo substancial, su grado de aplicabilidad puede variar en función de los distintos entornos culturales y sociales. Así, la hipótesis de la selección por parentesco se ve reforzada por la evidencia de que los hombres homosexuales adoptan comportamientos altruistas que benefician el éxito reproductivo de sus parientes. Por su parte, la hipótesis de la selección sexual antagónica está respaldada por estudios que muestran tasas de fertilidad más elevadas entre las parientes por vía materna de los hombres homosexuales. En conclusión, un enfoque multifactorial es esencial para una comprensión global de la dinámica evolutiva de la homosexualidad masculina.
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