The Evolutionary Paradox of Male Homosexuality: a Review of two Hypotheses
Keywords:
Homosexuality, Kin selection, Antagonistic sexual selection, Reproductive successAbstract
The maintenance of male homosexuality in human populations poses a fascinating question for researchers. This literature review examines two evolutionary hypotheses that attempt to explain the persistence of this sexual behaviour from an adaptive point of view: kin selection and sexually antagonistic selection. The paper synthesizes empirical evidence from eighteen studies, the results of which suggest that, although both hypotheses have substantial support, their degree of applicability may vary according to different cultural and social environments. The kin selection hypothesis is strengthened by evidence that homosexual men engage in altruistic behaviours that benefit the reproductive success of their relatives. The antagonistic sexual selection hypothesis is supported by studies showing higher fertility rates among maternal relatives of homosexual men. In conclusion, a multifactorial approach is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of male homosexuality.
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References
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